Сравнение производительности языков на примере простейшего классификатора

import std.stdio;
import std.math;
import std.format;
import std.datetime;

//version=COLLECT_MEASURES;
//version=MERGE_CLASSES;

struct Measure
{
    float x=0, y=0;

    auto opBinary(string op)( auto ref const Measure m ) const
        if( op == "+" || op == "-" )
    { mixin( "return Measure( x " ~ op ~ " m.x, y " ~ op ~ " m.y );" ); }

    auto opBinary(string op)( float m ) const
        if( op == "*" || op == "/" )
    { mixin( "return Measure( x " ~ op ~ " m, y " ~ op ~ " m );" ); }
}

unittest
{
    auto a = Measure(1,3);
    auto b = Measure(4,5);
    auto add = a + b;
    assert( add.x == 5 && add.y == 8 );
    auto dif = a - b;
    assert( dif.x == -3 && dif.y == -2 );
    auto mlt = a * 3;
    assert( mlt.x == 3 && mlt.y == 9 );
    auto div = b / 2;
    assert( div.x == 2 && div.y == 2.5 );
}

float sqr( float v ) { return v * v; }

float dist( ref const Measure a, ref const Measure b )
{ return sqrt( sqr(a.x - b.x) + sqr(a.y - b.y) ); }

class Class
{
    Measure mean;
    size_t N;
    version(COLLECT_MEASURES)
        Measure[] measures;

    this( in Measure m )
    {
        mean = m;
        N = 1;
        version(COLLECT_MEASURES)
            measures ~= m;
    }

    void append( in Measure m )
    {
        mean = ( mean * N + m ) / ( N + 1 );
        N++;
        version(COLLECT_MEASURES)
            measures ~= m;
    }

    void merge( const Class m )
    {
        mean = ( mean * N + m.mean * m.N ) / ( N + m.N );
        N += m.N;
        version(COLLECT_MEASURES)
            measures ~= m.measures;
    }
}

unittest
{
    auto cls = new Class( Measure(1,2) );
    assert( cls.mean.x == 1 && cls.mean.y == 2 );
    assert( cls.N == 1 );
    cls.append( Measure(3,4) );
    assert( cls.mean.x == 2 && cls.mean.y == 3 );
    assert( cls.N == 2 );
}

class Classifier
{
public:
    Class[] list;
    float ncls_dist;

    this( float mdist ) { ncls_dist = mdist; }

    void classificate( ref const Measure m )
    {
        float min_dist = float.max;
        Class near_cls;

        foreach( i; list )
        {
            float d = dist( m, i.mean );
            if( d < min_dist )
            {
                min_dist = d;
                near_cls = i;
            }
        }

        if( min_dist < ncls_dist ) near_cls.append(m);
        else list ~= new Class(m);
    }

    void mergeClasses()
    {
        Class[] uniq;

        l: foreach( cls; list )
        {
            foreach( trg; uniq )
                if( dist( cls.mean, trg.mean ) < ncls_dist )
                {
                    trg.merge( cls );
                    continue l;
                }

            uniq ~= cls;
        }

        list = uniq;
    }
}

Measure[] readMeasuresFromFile( string name )
{
    auto file = File( name, "r" );
    Measure[] list;

    foreach( line; file.byLine() )
    {
        Measure tmp;
        formattedRead( line, "%f %f", &tmp.x, &tmp.y );
        list ~= tmp;
    }

    return list;
}

void main( string[] args )
{
    auto measures = readMeasuresFromFile( args[1] );

    StopWatch sw;

    sw.start();

    auto clsf = new Classifier(3);

    foreach( m; measures )
        clsf.classificate(m);

    version(MERGE_CLASSES)
        clsf.mergeClasses();

    sw.stop();

    writeln( "work time: ", sw.peek.nsecs / 1_000_000_000.0f );

    foreach( cls; clsf.list )
        writefln( "[%f, %f]: %d", cls.mean.x, cls.mean.y, cls.N );
}

#![feature(duration)]
#![feature(duration_span)] 
#![feature(append)]
use std::ops::*;
use std::borrow::Borrow;
use std::f32;
use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::fs::File;
use std::io::BufReader;
use std::io::BufRead;
 
use std::time::Duration;
use std::env;
 
 
#[derive(Clone,Copy)]
struct Measure
{
    x : f32,
    y : f32
}
 
impl Measure{
#[allow(non_snake_case)]
    pub fn new(X:f32,Y:f32) -> Measure{
        Measure{
            x:X,
            y:Y
        }
    }
}
impl Add for  Measure{
    type Output = Measure;
    fn add(self, rhs:Measure) -> Measure {
        Measure{
            x: self.x + rhs.x,
            y: self.y + rhs.y,
        }
    }
}
 
impl Sub for Measure{
    type Output = Measure;
 
    fn sub(self, rhs: Measure) -> Measure {
        Measure{
            x: self.x - rhs.x,
            y: self.y - rhs.y
        }
    }
}
 
impl Div<f32> for Measure {
    type Output = Measure;
 
    fn div(self, rhs: f32) -> Measure {
        Measure{
            x: self.x / rhs,
            y: self.y / rhs
        }
    }
}
 
impl Mul<f32> for   Measure {
    type Output = Measure;
 
    fn mul(self, rhs: f32) -> Measure {
        Measure{
            x: self.x * rhs,
            y: self.y * rhs
        }
    }
}
 
#[inline]
fn sqr(v:f32)->f32
{
    v * v
}
 
fn dist (a: & Measure, b: & Measure) -> f32
{
    (sqr(a.x - b.x) + sqr(a.y - b.y)).sqrt()
}
#[derive(Clone)]
struct Class
{
    mean: Measure,
    count: usize,
#[cfg(collect_measures)]
    measures: Vec<Measure>
}
impl Class{
#[cfg(collect_measures)]
    pub fn new( m: Measure ) -> Class
    {
        Class{
            mean: m,
            count: 1,
            measures: vec![m.clone()]
        }
    }
#[cfg(not(collect_measures))]
    pub fn new( m: Measure ) -> Class
    {
        Class{
            mean: m,
            count: 1,
        }
 
    }
#[cfg(collect_measures)]
    pub fn append(&mut self, m: Measure){
       self.mean = ( self.mean * self.count as f32 + m ) /( self.count + 1)as f32;
       self.measures.push(m.clone());
       self.count += 1;
    }
#[cfg(not(collect_measures))]
    pub fn append(&mut self, m: Measure){
       self.mean = ( self.mean * self.count as f32 + m ) /( self.count + 1)as f32;
       self.count += 1;
    }
#[cfg(collect_measures)]
    pub fn merge(&mut self, m: &mut Class)
    {
        self.mean = ( self.mean * self.count as f32 + ((m.mean) * m.count as f32 )) / ( self.count  + m.count) as f32;
        self.count += m.count;
        self.measures.append(&mut m.measures);
    }
#[cfg(not(collect_measures))]
    pub fn merge(&mut self, m: &mut Class)
    {
        self.mean = ( self.mean * self.count as f32 + ((m.mean) * m.count as f32 )) / ( self.count  + m.count) as f32;
        self.count += m.count;
    }
 
}
#[test]
fn test_Measure()
{
    let a = Measure::new(1f32,3f32);
    let b = Measure::new(4f32,5f32);
    let add = a + b;
    assert!( add.x == 5f32 && add.y == 8f32 );
    let dif = a - b;
    assert!( dif.x == -3f32 && dif.y == -2f32 );
    let mlt = &a * 3f32;
    assert!( mlt.x == 3f32 && mlt.y == 9f32 );
    let div = &b / 2f32;
    assert!( div.x == 2f32 && div.y == 2.5f32 );
}
#[test]
fn test_Class()
{
    let mut cls = Class::new( Measure::new(1f32,2f32) );
    assert!( cls.mean.x == 1f32 && cls.mean.y == 2f32 );
    assert!( cls.count == 1 );
    cls.append( Measure::new(3f32,4f32) );
    assert!( cls.mean.x == 2f32 && cls.mean.y == 3f32 );
    assert!( cls.count == 2 );
}
 
struct Classifier
{
 
    list:Vec<RefCell<Class>>,
    ncls_dist:f32
}
 
impl Classifier{
    pub fn new(mdist:f32) -> Classifier{
        Classifier{
            list:Vec::new(),
            ncls_dist:mdist
        }
    }
    pub fn classificate(&mut self, m: Measure){
        let mut min_dist:f32 = f32::MAX;
        let mut near_cls = 0;
        let mut index:usize = 0;
        for i in self.list.iter()
        {
            let d = dist( &m, & i.borrow().mean);
            if d < min_dist
            {
                min_dist = d;
                near_cls = index;
            }
            index+=1;
        }
        if min_dist < self.ncls_dist{
             self.list[near_cls].borrow_mut().append(m);
        }
        else {
 
            self.list.push(RefCell::new( Class::new(m)));
        }
    }
#[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn merge_classes(&mut self)
    {
        let mut uniq: Vec<RefCell<Class>>= Vec::new();
        for cls in self.list.iter(){
            let mut is_uniq = true;
            for trg in uniq.iter(){
                if dist( &cls.borrow().mean, &trg.borrow().mean) < self.ncls_dist
                {
                    trg.borrow_mut().merge(&mut *cls.borrow_mut());
                    is_uniq = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if is_uniq
            {
                uniq.push(RefCell::new(cls.borrow_mut().clone()));
            }
        }
        self.list = uniq;
    }
 
}
 
fn read_measures_from_file( name: String ) -> Vec<Measure> 
{
 
    let mut list:Vec<Measure>  = Vec::new();
    let f = File::open(name).unwrap();
    let mut reader = BufReader::new(&f);
    let mut ret_string = String::new();
    while  let Ok(size ) = reader.read_line( &mut ret_string){
        if size > 0
        {
            let len = ret_string.len() - 1;
            ret_string.truncate(len);
            let buffer:Vec<&str> = ret_string.split(' ').collect();
            let var:f32 = (buffer[0]).parse::<f32>().unwrap();
            let var2:f32 = (buffer[1]).parse::<f32>().unwrap();
            list.push(Measure::new(var,var2));
        }
        else{
             break;
        }
        ret_string.clear();
    }
    return list;
}
 
fn main()
{
    let measures = read_measures_from_file(env::args().skip(1).next().unwrap());
    let mut clsf =  Classifier::new(3f32);
    let d = Duration::span(||{
        for  i in measures{
            clsf. classificate(i);
        }
        if cfg!(merge_classes){
            clsf.merge_classes();
        }
    });
    println!("work time: {}", d.secs() as f64 + d.extra_nanos()as f64 / 1000000000.0f64);
    for i in clsf.list{
        let i = i.borrow();
        println!("[{}, {}]: {}",i.mean.x,i.mean.y, i.count);
    }
}

#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
#include <cfloat>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <cassert>
#include <ctime>

using namespace std;

//#define COLLECT_MEASURES
//#define MERGE_CLASSES

class Measure
{
public:
    float x, y;

    Measure(): x(0), y(0) {}
    Measure( float X, float Y ): x(X), y(Y) {}
    Measure( const Measure& m ): x(m.x), y(m.y) {}

    Measure operator+( const Measure& m ) const
    { return Measure( x + m.x, y + m.y ); }

    Measure operator-( const Measure& m ) const
    { return Measure( x - m.x, y - m.y ); }

    Measure operator*( float v ) const
    { return Measure( x * v, y * v ); }

    Measure operator/( float v ) const
    { return Measure( x / v, y / v ); }
};

void test_Measure()
{
    Measure a(1,3);
    Measure b(4,5);
    auto add = a + b;
    assert( add.x == 5 && add.y == 8 );
    auto dif = a - b;
    assert( dif.x == -3 && dif.y == -2 );
    auto mlt = a * 3;
    assert( mlt.x == 3 && mlt.y == 9 );
    auto div = b / 2;
    assert( div.x == 2 && div.y == 2.5 );
}

inline float sqr( float v ) { return v * v; }

float dist( const Measure& a, const Measure& b )
{ return sqrt( sqr(a.x - b.x) + sqr(a.y - b.y) ); }

class Class
{
public:
    Measure mean;
    size_t N;
    #ifdef COLLECT_MEASURES
    vector<Measure> measures;
    #endif

    Class( const Measure& m ): mean(m)
    {
        N = 1;
        #ifdef COLLECT_MEASURES
        measures.push_back(m);
        #endif
    }

    void append( const Measure& m )
    {
        mean = ( mean * N + m ) / ( N + 1 );
        N++;
        #ifdef COLLECT_MEASURES
        measures.push_back(m);
        #endif
    }

    void merge( const Class& m )
    {
        mean = ( mean * N + m.mean * m.N ) / ( N + m.N );
        N += m.N;
        #ifdef COLLECT_MEASURES
        measures.insert(measures.end(), m.measures.begin(), m.measures.end());
        #endif
    }
};

void test_Class()
{
    auto cls = Class( Measure(1,2) );
    assert( cls.mean.x == 1 && cls.mean.y == 2 );
    assert( cls.N == 1 );
    cls.append( Measure(3,4) );
    assert( cls.mean.x == 2 && cls.mean.y == 3 );
    assert( cls.N == 2 );
}

class Classifier
{
public:
    vector<Class*> list;
    float ncls_dist;

    Classifier( float mdist ): ncls_dist(mdist) {}

    void classificate( const Measure& m )
    {
        float min_dist = FLT_MAX;
        Class* near_cls;

        for( auto i = list.begin(); i != list.end(); ++i )
        {
            float d = dist( m, (*i)->mean );
            if( d < min_dist )
            {
                min_dist = d;
                near_cls = *i;
            }
        }

        if( min_dist < ncls_dist ) near_cls->append(m);
        else list.push_back( new Class(m) );
    }

    void mergeClasses()
    {
        vector<Class*> uniq;

        l: for( auto cls = list.begin(); cls != list.end(); ++cls )
        {
            bool is_uniq = true;
            for( auto trg = uniq.begin(); trg != uniq.end(); ++trg )
            {
                if( dist( (*cls)->mean, (*trg)->mean ) < ncls_dist )
                {
                    (*trg)->merge( **cls );
                    delete (*cls);
                    is_uniq = false;
                }
                if( !is_uniq ) break;
            }

            if( is_uniq ) uniq.push_back( *cls );
        }

        list = uniq;
    }

    ~Classifier()
    {
        for( auto i = list.begin(); i != list.end(); ++i )
            delete *i;
    }
};

vector<Measure> readMeasuresFromFile( char* name )
{
    ifstream file( name );
    vector<Measure> list;

    for( string line; getline(file, line); )
    {
        istringstream in( line );
        Measure tmp;
        in >> tmp.x >> tmp.y;
        list.push_back( tmp );
    }

    return list;
}

void runTests()
{
    test_Measure();
    test_Class();
}

int main( int argc, char* args[] )
{
    //runTests();

    auto measures = readMeasuresFromFile( args[1] );

    clock_t start = clock();

    auto clsf = new Classifier(3);

    for( auto i = measures.begin(); i != measures.end(); ++i )
        clsf->classificate( *i );

    #ifdef MERGE_CLASSES
    clsf->mergeClasses();
    #endif

    clock_t end = clock();

    cout << "work time: " << double(end - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << endl;

    for( auto i = clsf->list.begin(); i != clsf->list.end(); ++i )
        cout << "[" << (*i)->mean.x << ", " << (*i)->mean.y << "]: " << (*i)->N << endl;

    delete clsf;
}

import std.stdio;
import std.string;
import std.exception;
import std.random;
import std.math;

double normal( double mu=0.0, double sigma=1.0 )
{
    static bool deviate = false;
    static float stored;

    if( !deviate )
    {
        double max = cast(double)(ulong.max - 1);
        double dist = sqrt( -2.0 * log( uniform( 0, max ) / max ) );
        double angle = 2.0 * PI * ( uniform( 0, max ) / max );

        stored = dist * cos( angle );
        deviate = true;

        return dist * sin( angle ) * sigma + mu;
    }
    else
    {
        deviate = false;
        return stored * sigma + mu;
    }
}

struct vec { float x, y; }

vec randomVec( in vec m, in vec s ) { return vec( normal(m.x, s.x), normal(m.y, s.y) ); }

auto generate( size_t[vec] classes )
{
    vec[] ret;
    foreach( pnt, count; classes )
    {
        auto tmp = new vec[]( count );
        foreach( i, ref t; tmp )
            t = randomVec( pnt, vec(1,1) );
        ret ~= tmp;
    }
    return ret;
}

import std.getopt;

void main( string[] args )
{
    uint k;

    getopt( args, 
            "count-multiplier|c", &k
          );

    enforce( args.length == 2, format( "wrong number of arguments: use %s <output_file>", args[0] ) );

    auto f = File( args[1], "w" );
    scope(exit) f.close();

    auto vs = generate( [ vec(-8,8): 20 * k, vec(4,0) : 10 * k, vec(-6,-8) : 15 * k ] );

    foreach( v; vs.randomSample(vs.length) )
        f.writeln( v.x, " ", v.y );
}

g++ -O2 -std=c++11 cls.cpp -o cls_cpp && echo "c++ g++ builded"
dmd -O -release cls.d -ofcls_d_dmd && echo "d dmd builded"
ldc2 -O2 -release cls.d -ofcls_d_ldc2 && echo "d ldc2 builded"
gdc -O2 cls.d -o cls_d_gdc && echo "d gdc builded"
rustc -O cls.rs -o cls_rs && echo "rust rustc builded"

g++ -O2 -D COLLECT_MEASURES -D MERGE_CLASSES -std=c++11 cls.cpp -o cls_cpp && echo "c++ g++ builded"
dmd -O -version=COLLECT_MEASURES -version=MERGE_CLASSES -release cls.d -ofcls_d_dmd && echo "d dmd builded"
ldc2 -O2 -d-version COLLECT_MEASURES -d-version MERGE_CLASSES -release cls.d -ofcls_d_ldc2 && echo "d ldc2 builded"
gdc -O2 -fversion=COLLECT_MEASURES -fversion=MERGE_CLASSES cls.d -o cls_d_gdc && echo "d gdc builded"
rustc -O --cfg collect_measures --cfg merge_classes cls.rs -o cls_rs && echo "rust rustc builded"